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      <p>IT for Change has done a 'Primer on Data and Economic Justice'
        for Global Partnership on AI which just got published. 
        <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://gpai.ai/projects/data-governance/primer-on-data-and-economic-justice.pdf"
          moz-do-not-send="true">https://gpai.ai/projects/data-governance/primer-on-data-and-economic-justice.pdf</a></p>
      <p>Data governance still focuses almost entirely on protection
        from harm, and on negative rights. With data being the most
        valuable resource in present times, we also need to develop
        conceptions on positive rights to the value of data, for data
        subjects, but also for data workers. For both these categories,
        individual as well collective economic data rights are needed.
        This Primer attempts some initial work in this direction,
        offering a four part rights based framework for data and
        economic justice. <br>
      </p>
      <p>Below as a teaser is the abstract, and table of contents.</p>
      <p>parminder </p>
      <p>
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      <p> </p>
      <h1 class="western"> <font face="Arial, sans-serif">Abstract </font>
      </h1>
      <p style="margin-left: 0.16cm; margin-right: -0.05cm; margin-top:
        1.23cm; margin-bottom: 0.8cm; line-height: 150%"> <font
          face="Arial, sans-serif">Economic justice is about ensuring
          the maternal conditions that enable or are the basis of other
          kinds of justices. In a digital society, data and digital
          intelligence are the key resources, and therefore economic
          justice has to focus on how these resources and their control
          are distributed. Based on some existing work, this primer
          proposes four rights regarding data that can form the bedrock
          of data related economic justice; (1) right to benefit from
          one’s data, and avoid harm; (2) right to access and port one’s
          data; (3) right to appropriate representation in data; and (4)
          right to govern data and data based systems. These rights
          would be both individual and collective, depending on the
          nature of data. Practical steps for ensuring data related
          economic justice will center on digital platforms, which are
          the sites of most digital economic injustice – be it in
          relation to users/consumers; or economic actors like traders,
          farmers, SMEs, small service providers and workers; or across
          countries. The counter institution that can address these
          injustices and distribute data power more evenly is data
          infrastructures. Indeed, a number of legal/policy and
          programmatic initiatives already exist, mostly in the EU and
          India, that seek to employ the institution of data
          infrastructures to redistribute data power, and thus ensure
          economic justice. What is needed is to bring theoretical work
          on data justice closer to the ongoing economic legal/policy
          efforts, which in default have largely been patchy and
          inconsistent, and therefore unlikely to be effective. In the
          last section, the primer lays out a few areas for future
          theoretical research and evolution of data governance for
          economic justice.</font></p>
      <p style="margin-left: 0.16cm; margin-right: -0.05cm; margin-top:
        1.23cm; margin-bottom: 0.8cm; line-height: 150%"> <span
          style="font-variant: normal"><font color="#000000"><span
              style="text-decoration: none"><font face="Arial,
                sans-serif"><font style="font-size: 24pt" size="6"><span
                    style="font-style: normal"><b><span
                        style="background: transparent">Table of Content</span></b></span></font></font></span></font></span></p>
      <p style="margin-top: 0.14cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height:
        120%"><a
          name="docs-internal-guid-3339f997-7fff-6549-94ae-64362c343926"
          moz-do-not-send="true"></a> <a
href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1MBur2lboxJkF-8RTpQ5aT-1_eVvNZbtATsTuc6ZDwNs/edit#heading=h.wr6skva52lpu"
          moz-do-not-send="true"><span style="font-variant: normal"><font
              color="#000000"><span style="text-decoration: none"><font
                  face="Arial, sans-serif"><font style="font-size: 12pt"
                    size="3"><span style="font-style: normal"><b><span
                          style="background: transparent">1. Economic
                          justice in the digital age</span></b></span></font></font></span></font></span><span
            style="font-variant: normal"><font color="#000000"><span
                style="text-decoration: none"><font face="Arial,
                  sans-serif"><span style="font-weight: normal"><span
                      style="background: transparent"> </span></span></font></span></font></span></a>
      </p>
      <p style="margin-top: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height:
        120%"><a
href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1MBur2lboxJkF-8RTpQ5aT-1_eVvNZbtATsTuc6ZDwNs/edit#heading=h.wsmj7yhc3f1u"
          moz-do-not-send="true"><span style="font-variant: normal"><font
              color="#000000"><span style="text-decoration: none"><font
                  face="Arial, sans-serif"><font style="font-size: 12pt"
                    size="3"><span style="font-style: normal"><b><span
                          style="background: transparent">2. Data and
                          economic justice: A theoretical framework</span></b></span></font></font></span></font></span><span
            style="font-variant: normal"><font color="#000000"><span
                style="text-decoration: none"><font face="Arial,
                  sans-serif"><span style="font-weight: normal"><span
                      style="background: transparent"> </span></span></font></span></font></span></a>
      </p>
      <p style="margin-top: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height:
        120%"><a
href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1MBur2lboxJkF-8RTpQ5aT-1_eVvNZbtATsTuc6ZDwNs/edit#heading=h.458r3lq13w7m"
          moz-do-not-send="true"><span style="font-variant: normal"><font
              color="#000000"><span style="text-decoration: none"><font
                  face="Arial, sans-serif"><font style="font-size: 12pt"
                    size="3"><span style="font-style: normal"><b><span
                          style="background: transparent">3. Platforms
                          as sites of data-based economic injustice</span></b></span></font></font></span></font></span><span
            style="font-variant: normal"><font color="#000000"><span
                style="text-decoration: none"><font face="Arial,
                  sans-serif"><span style="font-weight: normal"><span
                      style="background: transparent"> </span></span></font></span></font></span></a>
      </p>
      <p style="margin-top: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height:
        120%"><a
href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1MBur2lboxJkF-8RTpQ5aT-1_eVvNZbtATsTuc6ZDwNs/edit#heading=h.darsnmk2hla0"
          moz-do-not-send="true"><span style="font-variant: normal"><font
              color="#000000"><span style="text-decoration: none"><font
                  face="Arial, sans-serif"><font style="font-size: 12pt"
                    size="3"><span style="font-style: normal"><b><span
                          style="background: transparent">4. Data
                          infrastructures: The key data institution for
                          economic justice</span></b></span></font></font></span></font></span><span
            style="font-variant: normal"><font color="#000000"><span
                style="text-decoration: none"><font face="Arial,
                  sans-serif"><span style="font-weight: normal"><span
                      style="background: transparent"> </span></span></font></span></font></span></a>
      </p>
      <p style="margin-top: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height:
        120%"><a
href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1MBur2lboxJkF-8RTpQ5aT-1_eVvNZbtATsTuc6ZDwNs/edit#heading=h.6ymhr91x1hwz"
          moz-do-not-send="true"><span style="font-variant: normal"><font
              color="#000000"><span style="text-decoration: none"><font
                  face="Arial, sans-serif"><font style="font-size: 12pt"
                    size="3"><span style="font-style: normal"><b><span
                          style="background: transparent">5. Governing
                          data for economic justice</span></b></span></font></font></span></font></span></a></p>
      <p style="margin-top: 0.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height:
        120%"><a
href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1MBur2lboxJkF-8RTpQ5aT-1_eVvNZbtATsTuc6ZDwNs/edit#heading=h.djwdqbxgu5ux"
          moz-do-not-send="true"><span style="font-variant: normal"><font
              color="#000000"><span style="text-decoration: none"><font
                  face="Arial, sans-serif"><font style="font-size: 12pt"
                    size="3"><span style="font-style: normal"><b><span
                          style="background: transparent">6. Future
                          agenda for research and governance</span></b></span></font></font></span></font></span></a></p>
      <p style="margin-left: 1.27cm; margin-top: 0.11cm; margin-bottom:
        0cm; line-height: 120%"> <a
href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1MBur2lboxJkF-8RTpQ5aT-1_eVvNZbtATsTuc6ZDwNs/edit#heading=h.tcnqs4gjyvqa"
          moz-do-not-send="true"><span style="font-variant: normal"><font
              color="#000000"><span style="text-decoration: none"><font
                  face="Arial, sans-serif"><font style="font-size: 12pt"
                    size="3"><span style="font-style: normal"><span
                        style="font-weight: normal"><span
                          style="background: transparent">Basing data
                          laws in rights based framework for economic
                          justice</span></span></span></font></font></span></font></span></a></p>
      <p style="margin-left: 1.27cm; margin-top: 0.11cm; margin-bottom:
        0cm; line-height: 120%"> <a
href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1MBur2lboxJkF-8RTpQ5aT-1_eVvNZbtATsTuc6ZDwNs/edit#heading=h.1erisl35jcbg"
          moz-do-not-send="true"><span style="font-variant: normal"><font
              color="#000000"><span style="text-decoration: none"><font
                  face="Arial, sans-serif"><font style="font-size: 12pt"
                    size="3"><span style="font-style: normal"><span
                        style="font-weight: normal"><span
                          style="background: transparent">Collective
                          economic rights to data</span></span></span></font></font></span></font></span><span
            style="font-variant: normal"><font color="#000000"><span
                style="text-decoration: none"><font face="Arial,
                  sans-serif"><span style="font-weight: normal"><span
                      style="background: transparent"> </span></span></font></span></font></span></a>
      </p>
      <p style="margin-left: 1.27cm; margin-top: 0.11cm; margin-bottom:
        0cm; line-height: 120%"> <a
href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1MBur2lboxJkF-8RTpQ5aT-1_eVvNZbtATsTuc6ZDwNs/edit#heading=h.wnnylqgixtbl"
          moz-do-not-send="true"><span style="font-variant: normal"><font
              color="#000000"><span style="text-decoration: none"><font
                  face="Arial, sans-serif"><font style="font-size: 12pt"
                    size="3"><span style="font-style: normal"><span
                        style="font-weight: normal"><span
                          style="background: transparent">Data subject
                          vs data holder – Who has the primary economic
                          rights?</span></span></span></font></font></span></font></span><span
            style="font-variant: normal"><font color="#000000"><span
                style="text-decoration: none"><font face="Arial,
                  sans-serif"><span style="font-weight: normal"><span
                      style="background: transparent"> </span></span></font></span></font></span></a>
      </p>
      <p style="margin-left: 1.27cm; margin-top: 0.11cm; margin-bottom:
        0cm; line-height: 120%"> <a
href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1MBur2lboxJkF-8RTpQ5aT-1_eVvNZbtATsTuc6ZDwNs/edit#heading=h.5i4juwpod9zp"
          moz-do-not-send="true"><span style="font-variant: normal"><font
              color="#000000"><span style="text-decoration: none"><font
                  face="Arial, sans-serif"><font style="font-size: 12pt"
                    size="3"><span style="font-style: normal"><span
                        style="font-weight: normal"><span
                          style="background: transparent">The right to
                          participate in governing data-driven economic
                          systems</span></span></span></font></font></span></font></span></a></p>
      <p style="margin-left: 1.27cm; margin-top: 0.11cm; margin-bottom:
        0cm; line-height: 120%"> <a
href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1MBur2lboxJkF-8RTpQ5aT-1_eVvNZbtATsTuc6ZDwNs/edit#heading=h.2uixkuidn4hx"
          moz-do-not-send="true"><span style="font-variant: normal"><font
              color="#000000"><span style="text-decoration: none"><font
                  face="Arial, sans-serif"><font style="font-size: 12pt"
                    size="3"><span style="font-style: normal"><span
                        style="font-weight: normal"><span
                          style="background: transparent">The
                          inalienable social/community embeddedness of
                          data resource</span></span></span></font></font></span></font></span><span
            style="font-variant: normal"><font color="#000000"><span
                style="text-decoration: none"><font face="Arial,
                  sans-serif"><span style="font-weight: normal"><span
                      style="background: transparent"> </span></span></font></span></font></span></a>
      </p>
      <p style="margin-left: 1.27cm; margin-top: 0.11cm; margin-bottom:
        0cm; line-height: 120%"> <a
href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1MBur2lboxJkF-8RTpQ5aT-1_eVvNZbtATsTuc6ZDwNs/edit#heading=h.d955kwnti1vn"
          moz-do-not-send="true"><span style="font-variant: normal"><font
              color="#000000"><span style="text-decoration: none"><font
                  face="Arial, sans-serif"><font style="font-size: 12pt"
                    size="3"><span style="font-style: normal"><span
                        style="font-weight: normal"><span
                          style="background: transparent">Continuity
                          with traditional institutions of economic
                          justice</span></span></span></font></font></span></font></span><span
            style="font-variant: normal"><font color="#000000"><span
                style="text-decoration: none"><font face="Arial,
                  sans-serif"><span style="font-weight: normal"><span
                      style="background: transparent"> </span></span></font></span></font></span></a>
      </p>
      <p style="margin-left: 1.27cm; margin-top: 0.11cm; margin-bottom:
        0.14cm; line-height: 120%"> <a
href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1MBur2lboxJkF-8RTpQ5aT-1_eVvNZbtATsTuc6ZDwNs/edit#heading=h.31a9mp2jz006"
          moz-do-not-send="true"><span style="font-variant: normal"><font
              color="#000000"><span style="text-decoration: none"><font
                  face="Arial, sans-serif"><font style="font-size: 12pt"
                    size="3"><span style="font-style: normal"><span
                        style="font-weight: normal"><span
                          style="background: transparent">Global
                          economic data rights for a global digital
                          economy</span></span></span></font></font></span></font></span><span
            style="font-variant: normal"><font color="#000000"><span
                style="text-decoration: none"><font face="Arial,
                  sans-serif"><span style="font-weight: normal"><span
                      style="background: transparent"> </span></span></font></span></font></span></a>
      </p>
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